West Coast EMT Block One Exam

What is the best action for a semiconscious patient with rapid, shallow respirations?

1. Begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation.

2. Ask a firefighter about the patient's exposure.

3. Perform a rapid assessment for critical injuries.

4. Administer high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

The correct answer is: Begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation.

For a semiconscious patient exhibiting rapid and shallow respirations, beginning some form of positive-pressure ventilation is the most appropriate action. This method is crucial because it helps ensure adequate ventilation and oxygenation, which may be compromised due to the patient's altered level of consciousness. Rapid and shallow breathing can indicate an inadequate respiratory effort, meaning the patient may not be able to maintain effective gas exchange, leading to potential hypoxia. Using positive-pressure ventilation assists in overcoming any inadequate effort the patient is making, helping to deliver oxygen more effectively into the lungs and ensuring that carbon dioxide is expelled properly. This intervention is essential in preventing further complications, such as respiratory failure, particularly in patients who are semiconscious and unable to protect their airway. Other actions, while potentially important in certain contexts, do not address the immediate need for proper ventilation as effectively. For instance, assessing for injuries or asking about exposure does not provide the immediate relief required for the patient’s breathing issues. Administering high-flow oxygen alone, without ensuring that adequate ventilation is occurring, may not adequately address the patient's condition, as they may still struggle to breathe effectively. Therefore, initiating positive-pressure ventilation directly targets the respiratory insufficiency that is critical in this scenario.