West Coast EMT Block One Exam

What physiological change in older adults can lead to increased fall risk?

1. Bone density loss

2. Increased muscle mass

3. Heightened balance abilities

4. Improved joint flexibility

The correct answer is: Bone density loss

Bone density loss is a significant physiological change in older adults that can lead to an increased risk of falls. As individuals age, their bones can become less dense and more fragile, making them more susceptible to fractures. When bones lose density, they are not only weaker but can also lead to alterations in posture and alignment that further contribute to instability. This compromised structural integrity can significantly affect mobility and balance, increasing the likelihood of falls. While options such as increased muscle mass, heightened balance abilities, and improved joint flexibility may suggest a capacity for better physical stability, these changes are not typically associated with aging and, in fact, may counteract the fall risk. In older adults, the loss of bone density is a well-established risk factor that directly correlates with not only the likelihood of falling but also the severity of injuries sustained from such falls.